TISSUE CHAPTER NOTES
Introduction to Tissues
- Definition: Tissues are groups of cells with a similar structure and function.
- Types of Tissues: There are four primary types: epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous tissues.
Epithelial Tissue
- Function: Covers body surfaces, lines hollow organs and cavities, and forms glands.
- Types:
- Simple Epithelium: Single cell layer (e.g., lining of the stomach).
- Stratified Epithelium: Multiple cell layers (e.g., skin).
Connective Tissue
- Function: Supports, protects, and binds other tissues.
- Types:
- Loose Connective Tissue: Includes areolar, adipose, and reticular tissues.
- Dense Connective Tissue: Includes dense regular, dense irregular, and elastic tissues.
- Specialized Connective Tissues: Includes cartilage, bone, and blood.
Muscle Tissue
- Function: Produces movement.
- Types:
- Skeletal Muscle: Voluntary movement, attached to bones.
- Cardiac Muscle: Involuntary movement, found in the heart.
- Smooth Muscle: Involuntary movement, found in walls of internal organs.
Nervous Tissue
- Function: Transmits nerve impulses.
- Components:
- Neurons: Nerve cells that generate and conduct nerve impulses.
- Neuroglia: Supporting cells that protect and support neurons.
Epithelial Tissue: Detailed
- Characteristics: Cells are closely packed, minimal extracellular material.
- Functions: Protection, absorption, filtration, excretion, secretion.
- Classifications:
- By layers (simple vs. stratified)
- By shape (squamous, cuboidal, columnar)
Connective Tissue: Detailed
- Characteristics: Abundant extracellular matrix.
- Functions: Binding, support, protection, insulation, transportation (blood).
- Matrix: Consists of fibers (collagen, elastic, reticular) and ground substance.
- Types:
- Loose Connective Tissue:
- Areolar: Supports and binds other tissues.
- Adipose: Stores fat.
- Reticular: Forms internal framework of organs.
- Dense Connective Tissue:
- Dense Regular: Tendons and ligaments.
- Dense Irregular: Dermis of skin.
- Elastic: Walls of large arteries.
- Specialized Connective Tissues:
- Cartilage: Hyaline, elastic, fibrocartilage.
- Bone: Compact and spongy.
- Blood: Plasma and blood cells.
Muscle Tissue: Detailed
- Skeletal Muscle: Long, cylindrical, multinucleated cells, striated.
- Cardiac Muscle: Branched cells, single nucleus, striated, intercalated discs.
- Smooth Muscle: Spindle-shaped cells, single nucleus, non-striated.
Nervous Tissue: Detailed
- Neurons:
- Structure: Cell body, dendrites, axon.
- Function: Transmit electrical signals.
- Neuroglia:
- Functions: Support, insulate, and protect neurons.
Tissue Repair and Regeneration
- Process: Involves inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling.
- Regeneration: Replacement of destroyed tissue with the same kind of tissue.
- Fibrosis: Replacement of destroyed tissue with scar tissue.
Conclusion
- Importance of Tissues: Fundamental to the structure and function of organs.
- Interconnectedness: Different tissues work together to maintain homeostasis and overall function of the body.
